Burdock-Drug Interactions, Side Effects and Precautions of Use-Herbal Medicines

Taxonomic Class

Asteraceae

Common Trade Names

Multi-ingredient preparations: Anthraxiviore, Burdock Blend Extract, Burdock Root, Burdock Sarsaparilla Compound

Common Forms

Available as capsules (425 mg, 475 mg, pick for topical administration, dried root, liquid extract, tea, and tincture (made from crushed seeds).

Source

The petroleum drug is extracted from the dried root of the great burdock, Genus Genus Arctium lappa, or common burdock, Arctium minus. The seeds and go forths of clotbur works have got also been used in common people medicine. Burdock is a big biyearly herbaceous plant grown in China, Europe, and the United States. The works can be identified in the springtime by the unit of ammunition caputs of its violet flowers.

Chemical Components

The principal constituent of clotbur root is a carbohydrate, inulin, which can account for up to 50% of the sum works mass. Additional constituents include anthroquinone glycosides; nonhydroxy acids; a works hormone, gamma-guanidino-n-butyric acid; polyacetylenes; polyphenolic acids; tannins; and volatile acids. Seeds incorporate chlorogenic acid, fixed oils, a germacranolide, a glycoside (arctiin), Iignans, and other compounds. Some commercial teas that incorporate clotbur have got been prostrate to taint with atropine.

Actions

Burdock is claimed to exercise antimicrobial, antipyretic, diaphoretic, and diuretic drug activities. Uterine stimulation have been reported in in vivo studies. In animate being studies, clotbur infusions have got got reportedly demonstrated strong hypoglycaemic activity and hostility of blood platelet activating factor.

Various in vitro and animate being surveys have establish that clotbur possesses antimutagenic effects.

Reported Uses

Burdock is claimed to be utile for a broad scope of ailments, including arthritis; cystitis; gout; hemorrhoids; lumbar pain; rheumatism; sciatica; tegument disorders, such as as acne, canker sores, dry skin, eczema, and psoriasis; and ulcers. It have also been used as a blood purifier. In the Far East, clotbur is used to handle cancer, impotence, and sterility. Some surveys have got reported the usage of clotbur in the treatment of kidney rocks and human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Dosage

Burdock is taken internally as a tea Oregon used externally as a compress.

Dried root: 2 to 6 g P.O. t.i.d.

Liquid infusion (1:1 in 25% alcohol): 2 to 8 milliliter P.O. t.i.d.

Tea: I cup P.O. t.i.d. or q.i.d.

Tincture (1:10 in 45% alcohol): 8 to 12 milliliter P.O. t.i.d.

Adverse Reactions

Skin: allergic dermatitis.

Other: allergic reactions.

Interactions

Insulin, unwritten antidiabetics: May addition hypoglycaemic effects. Avoid disposal with burdock.

Contraindications And Precautions

Burdock is contraindicated during pregnancy-especially inch the first trimester-because of the personal effects of anthraquinone glycosides establish in the roots of clotbur plants. It is also contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to the herbaceous works or related to plant species.

Special Considerations

Allergic reactions have got been demonstrated in people who are sensitive to the Asteraceae/Compositae family. Other members of this household include chrysanthemum, daisy, mangold, and ragweed.

Alert Poisoning caused by atropine taint of some commercial clotbur teas can occur. Signs and symptoms of toxicity include blurred vision, dilated pupils, and rapid pulsation rate. Treatment, if needed, includes physostigmine reversal .

Inform the patient that clotbur merchandises may be significantly contaminated with atropine and that toxicity have resulted from this contamination.

Inform the diabetic patient that clotbur may increase the hazard of hypoglycaemia and that insulin or unwritten antidiabetic drug drug doses may necessitate to be reduced.

Inform the patient that few scientific information measure burdock's personal effects in humans.

Caution women to avoid using clotbur during gestation or when breast-feeding.

Points of Interest

Burdock root is commonly eaten in Asia, less often in the United States.

Commentary

Animal and in vitro surveys propose that clotbur usage might offer curative benefits. Clinical trials are needed to back up these claims. Also, information regarding the safety and efficaciousness of clotbur are lacking.

Goldenseal - Drug Interactions, Side Effects and Precautions of Use-Herbal Medicines

Taxonomic Class

Ranunculaceae

Common Trade Names

Alvita, Dandelion Goldenseal, Golden Sealing Wax Extract, Golden Sealing Wax Infusion 4:1, Golden Sealing Wax Glycerol Extract, Golden Sealing Wax Power, Golden Sealing Wax Root, Nu Veg Golden Sealing Wax Herb, Nu Veg Golden Sealing Wax Root

Common Forms

Capsules, tablets: 250 mg, 350 mg, 400 mg, 404 mg, 470 mg, 500 mg, 535 mg, 540 mg

Also available as dried land root powder, ethyl alcohol and H2O extracts, teas, and tinctures.

Source

The rootstock (root stock) of Genus Hydrastis canadensis is commonly used to fabricate the dose forms. The chief chemical constituents are the alkaloids hydrastine and berberine. Also present are hydrastinine, canadine, berberastine, candaline, canadaline, chlorogenic acid, carbohydrates, fatty acids, volatile oil, resin, and meconin.

Actions

Goldenseal is claimed to have got antihemorrhagic, anti-inflammatory, astringent, laxative, and oxytocic drug properties. The pharmacologic places are attributed to berberine and hydrastine, and scientific surveys have got got usually focused on these alkaloids rather than on the herbaceous plant itself.

An alkaloid constituent of golden seal was reported to suppress musculus muscular contractions in gnawer smooth muscle, whereas others have shown an oxytocic drug effect. Goldenseal infusions cut down hyperphagia and polydipsia associated with streptozocin-induced diabetes in mice.

Berberine was establish to diminish the anticoagulant medication consequence of Lipo-Hepin in research lab diagnostic tests of heparinated animate being and human blood and to move as a cardiac stimulation (at less doses), addition coronary perfusion, and suppress cardiac activity (at higher doses) in animals. Antipyretic activity (greater than aspirin) and anthelmintic, antihistaminic, antimicrobial, anti muscarinic, antitumorigenic, and hypotensive personal effects have got also been documented for berberine in animate being and research lab models.

Hydrastinine do vasoconstriction and can bring forth important alterations in blood pressure.

Reported Uses

Claims for golden seal include usage for anorexia, cancer, conjunctivitis, dysmenorrhea, eczema, gastritis, gilbert disorders, oral cavity ulcers, otorrhea, peptic ulceration disease, postpartum hemorrhage, pruritus, tinnitus, and TB and as an anti-inflammatory, somes diuretic, a laxative, and a lesion antiseptic. There are few, if any, clinical trial information available to back up these claims.

Goldenseal was establish to be less effectual than ergot alkaloids when used for postpartum bleeding in humans. Berberine have been shown to shorten the continuance of acute Vibrio Asiatic cholera diarrhoea and diarrhoea caused by some species of Giardia, Salmonella, and Shigella and some Enterobactereciae. Clinical surveys in patients with hepatic cirrhosis of the liver have got shown that berberine may rectify some research lab abnormalcies and better biliary secernment and function.

Dosage

Dried rhizome: 0.5 to 1 g P.O. t.i.d.

Ethanol and H2O extract: 250 milligram P.O. t.i.d.

Adverse Reactions

CNS: central nervous system depression, palsy (with high doses), paresthesias, seizures.

CV: asystole, bradycardia, bosom block.

EENT: oral cavity ulcers.

GI: abdominal spasms and pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting.

Respiratory: respiratory depression (with high doses).

Skin: contact dermatitis.

Interactions

Anticoagulants: Beneficial personal effects of curative anticoagulant medications may be offset. Avoid disposal with goldenseal.

Antihypertensives: Goldenseal or its infusions may interfere with or addition hypotensive effects. Bash not utilize together.

Beta blockers, Ca transmission channel blockers, digoxin: May addition or interfere with cardiac personal effects of these drugs. Bash not utilize together.

CNS sedatives (alcoho benzodiazepines): May addition sedative drug effects. Avoid disposal with goldenseal.

Contraindications And Precautions

Goldenseal is contraindicated in patients with curriculum vitae disease, particularly arrhythmias, bosom failure, or hypertension, and in pregnant patients.

Special Considerations

Alert Death can ensue from the consumption of big alkaloid doses. Symptoms of overdose include depression, overdone reflexes, gilbert upset, nervousness, and ictuses that advancement to respiratory palsy and curriculum vitae collapse.

Monitor for unusual symptoms.

Monitor for marks of vitamin Type Type B lack (angular stomatitis, cheilosis, glossitis, infertility, megaloblastic anemia, peripheral neuropathy, seborrheic dermatitis, and seizures).

Caution the patient to avoid risky activities until central nervous system personal personal effects of golden seal are known.

Instruct the patient not to devour golden seal because of its possible to do toxicity.

Points of Interest

Chronic usage of golden seal have got been reported to diminish the soaking up of vitamin B and thereby advance its deficiency.

Tolerance to the herb's pharmacologic effects is thought to develop after lone a few hebdomads of chronic use.

Berberine is also a constituent of barberry (Berberis vulgaris).

Goldenseal infusions have been a constituent in barren eye-lotions for many old age without supporting grounds for their inclusion. Also, the infusions or their constituents have got been listed in the national pharmacopoeias of respective countries.

Goldenseal have been inappropriately used to mask the visual aspect of illicit drugs on piss drug silver screens in world and race horses. This information is false and arises from a fictional literary work that pictures the works to be utile for concealment opioid ingestion.

Goldenseal have been used as a dye. The rootstock is bright yellowness and popular for staining many cloths and materials.

According to a study inside a New House Of York City exigency department, golden seal tea is among the three most commonly cited herbal readyings consumed by patients .

Commentary

The pharmacologic personal effects of golden seal have got not been adequately studied. Because the hazard of toxicity looks inordinate for this plant, even some advocacy textual matters make not back up its usage for any disorder. Goldenseal and its alkaloids possess some promising pharmacologic properties; further comprehensive, controlled surveys in animate beings are needed before progressing to human studies.

Sinus Infection Medication

A fistula is a pit in the castanets near the nose. The mathematical function of these sinuses is to evacuate mucous secretion and air from the nasal consonant membrane. An redness of the sinuses takes to trapping of this mucous secretion and dry air inside the sinuses. This causes excruciating pain. Fistula infection medicine supplies a alleviation from this pain.

The fistula infections are classified into three classes on the footing of the continuance of the illness. Acute fistula infection endures for approximately three weeks. Chronic fistula infection is the 1 that endures from anywhere between three to eight weeks. Recurring fistula infections are the 1s occurring frequently over time.

The fistula infection medicine depends on the class or type of infection. Acute fistula infections can be cured with place redresses whereas chronic infections demand a drawn-out treatment as the symptoms last for a longer continuance of time.

The place redresses for treating fistula infection, though make not heal the disease, but are effectual in relieving the pain. Inhaling the steam from a vaporizer is perhaps one of the best place medicine for fistula infections. Placing a hot fabric over the inflamed country of the human face also supplies relief.

In improver to these, consumption of jalapeño common peppers and mature grapes' juice is also effective. Relief can also be obtained by applying a paste of cinnamon bark with water, or ginger with milk or water. The steam of eucalyptus oil, biddy inhaled, turns out an effectual treatment for fistula infection. Consumption of warm fluids should be increased to let the furnishings in sinuses to open.

Sinus infection medicine is prescribed on the footing of the root cause of the infection. At times, diseases like asthma, HIV, cystic fibrosis and certain allergic reactions cause sinusitis. In these cases, before treating the sinusitis, these complaints necessitate to be treated.

Other treatments for fistula infection include decongestants, nasal consonant sprays, antibiotic drugs and hurting killers. Because of the side effects, steroids are not prescribed. If the infection is not cured by any of the above mentioned treatments, an endoscopic surgery is resorted to for broadening the gaps of sinuses.

Thus, assorted fistula infection medicines are available. The lone thing that demands to be taken attention of while selecting the treatment is the nature, continuance and cause of the infection.

What To Look For In An Online Pharmacy

There is an addition of people that cannot do it to a traditional brick and howitzer pharmaceutics to acquire their medicine. Either they are bedfast or don't have got dependable aid to make it for them.

So what can you make if your faced with this dilemma?

The outgrowth of online pharmaceutics goes on to grow. These topographic points are trying to travel where brick and howitzer pharmaceutics cannot. Online pharmaceutics are striving to fill up the medical demands of those who cannot acquire around.

Online pharmaceutics that less terms and speedy bringing as inducements to buy medicines from them. More and more than people are looking to these locales as a manner to acquire their medications. It is so easy for many to acquire online and order what they need.

Of course, these online ventures are not without their disadvantages. There are people setting up store who are not licensed as druggists or doctors. The chief intent is to do a speedy vaulting horse and acquire a piece of the pie. This tin be unsafe because one mightiness do the error of having the wrong medicine delivered to someone.

The consequence of this tin have got person seriously sick or worse, succumb from the personal effects of taking the incorrect medication. It's important that people who order medicine from online pharmaceutics choose their online location carefully and with scrutiny.

There are ways that people can happen out whether an online pharmaceutics is legal or not. If you buy medicine without checking it out first, you set yourself in harm's manner for receiving bogus medication. The ethical motive for an online pharmaceutics involved in this are very low. All they desire is the money.

When you purchase medicine from a existent online pharmacy, you are assured of the best quality and service money can buy. You can also have further information on the medicine you buy if the online locale is legal. Legitimate online pharmaceutics have got to stay by the regulations put in topographic point to keep criteria in the medical community.

Legitimate online pharmaceutics will be licensed and/or certified to run as such. The licence and/or enfranchisement will come up from the people in complaint or collateral their legitimacy. If the online pharmaceutics is real, they will have got certification or narration stating such as on their website. They will also have got a nexus to the people in complaint of verifying them to make concern online.

Customers should look for this anterior to placing their order online. If they don't happen it, they should inquire inquiries and chorus from buying anything until you happen out if they're legalize or not.

The online pharmaceutics should also have got contact information listed on their website. The contact information should include a physical computer address in the event person desires to direct them a missive via snail mail. In improver to that, there should also be a workings telephone figure listed in lawsuit a client or person else wanted to call. If the online pharmaceutics is legitimate, they would not waver having this information listed on their website. If they desire to remain in business, these online locales will be glad to take enquiries from customers.

Online pharmaceutics should have got a valid prescription to travel by to fill up the order. The order should not be filled without one. Just like patients can't travel up to a druggist and say, "I desire to acquire this drug" but yet don't have got a prescription, the same uses for online pharmacies. If you happen any that prosecute in that sort of breach of ethics, maneuver clear and you should probably describe them to the proper authorities.

Beware of those online pharmaceutics that promise speedy consequences or charming remedies from serious wellness issues. These are nil more than a cozenage and should be avoided at all costs.

If after all of this, you're calm in uncertainty about online pharmacies, confer with with you doctor before purchasing medicine online.

Danger Lurking Underneath Your Kitchen Sink

Most people believe that drugs are something you have got to purchase on the street, but you needn't look any additional than underneath your kitchen sink. Inhalants are matters whose vapours can be inhaled to bring forth a mind-altering effect. They can be establish in such as points as:

- Volatile dissolvents (ex: paint thinners, degreasers and glues)

- Aerosols (ex: hair spray and veggie cookery oil)

- Ases (ex: ether, nitrous oxide and propane)

- Nitrates (ex: cyclohexyl nitrite, amyl nitrite and Butyl nitrite)

Inhalants are often inhaled in one of respective ways which include:

- sniffing

- snorting or spraying the inhalant directly into the olfactory organ or oral cavity

- putting the inhalant into a bag or other container and then inhaling it

- putting the vapour on a rag

- inhaling nitrous oxide from balloons

According to the National Institute on Drug Maltreatment (NIDA), inhalants are often among the first drugs that immature people use. People utilize inhalants because they are cheap, can be purchased legally, and are easy to obtain. It's frightening to believe that any kid can travel underneath their kitchen sink when their parents aren't place and prosecute themselves in a word form of drug abuse. That is why it is of import for parents to sit down down and talking to their children at an early age about the dangers of drug abuse. In NIDA's 2005 Monitoring the Future study, 17.1% of 8th graders, 13.1% of 10th graders, and 11.4% of 12th graders said they had abused inhalants at least once.

While the contiguous personal personal effects of inhalants might look harmless to the abuser, the effects can be damaging. Once the vapours from inhalants come in your body, some of the chemicals are absorbed by parts of the encephalon and nervous system. With the exclusion of nitrites, which addition the size of blood vas and loosen up the muscles, all inhalants slow down the mathematical functions of the human body. Some of the short term personal effects seen include: increased bosom rate, hallucinations, losing consciousness, sickness and/or vomiting, loss of coordination and slurred speech.

Other dangers included with inhalants is the fact that because they are so incredibly easy to acquire and are most often establish in family items, a batch of people neglect to recognize how habit-forming they are. Like many drugs, most people who go addicted to inhalants develop into long-time users which sets them at hazard for long clip personal effects such as as: encephalon damage, musculus weakness, depression, headaches and epistaxes and loss of smell. Little people are likely to utilize inhalants more than any other age group, and this is due, in big part, to deficiency of parental influence/involvement Oregon isolation from his/her community. Young grownups who have got got parents that aren't place a batch are more than likely to acquire into problem and have an increased hazard of using inhalants or any other word form of drug. Parents demand to step up to the plate and step in before it's too late.

Some Healthy Extras Of 12-Step Meetings

Whether you have got got tried 12-Step Meetings yet or not, you may have come up to the decision that it is all about abstaining from drugs and alcohol. What you may not have got got seen, though, is that many 12-Step Meetings travel beyond the Meeting suite and supply their members with numerous other activities which are healthy and enjoyable.

When you have begun attending Meetings, how can you cognize if they are the right Meetings for you? One key point to maintain in head is whether the members attach a grade of importance to overall wellness in general. While the chief focusing of 12-Step Meetings must, of course, be on recovery, those who are truly prioritized on the topic recognize how of import it is to stress regaining and maintaining physical health.

With this fact in mind, you may be pleasantly surprised if you happen that the Meetings you have got begun attending supply chances for physical activity. For example, in many locations the oncoming of warmer weather condition is the signaling that they are to get sign language up interested participants for their regular playground ball teams. Although engagement is not mandatory, they often garner after Meetings or on a different twenty-four hours to travel out to the ball field for fresh air and invigorating exercise. In other locations, Meeting-goers elect to take part in other types of physical activities, such as as forming bowling leagues. Whichever athletics the members prefer is not the issue-- all of the healthy benefits which consequence from physical exercising is!

As many who have got got got used drugs and alcoholic beverage have spent long clip periods of time with small concern for either exercising or health, you are fortunate if you have establish a Meeting which sees physical activity an of import bonus. It makes not substance what your age may be, or how out-of-shape you may have got got got become, for you will have the opportunity to take portion in a very healthy activity, and have tons of merriment at the same time.

Meetings which emphasize this factor as an of import portion of recovery are looking at a person's overall picture. While becoming clean and sober affects stepwork, sharing in Meetings, and other basic conceptions and principles, one which have a true appreciation on the overall image of recovery recognizes that a person's physical wellness and strength are equally relevant. Check and see if the Meetings you have got got got decided to travel to include some type of athletics or activity for all members who wish to participate!

If you have spent old age of imbibing and using feeling dragged-out, run-down, unmotivated, tired, and all of the other minor ailments which usually go along with deficiency of physical activity, finding a Meeting that volition give you this chance will be a true blessing.

It makes not substance how athletically-inclined you may or may not be, or whether you have ever excelled at any sport; what makes substance is that when becoming physically suit is a large portion of your recovery program, you will be in much better status to bask your life in soberness much more!

South Africa: Help Line to Be Established for Substance Abusers - AllAfrica.com

Gabi KhumaloJohannesburg

The International Day Against Drug Maltreatment will see the launch of Toll-Free Substance Maltreatment Aid Line for people to entree help, support and appropriate treatment.

The International Day Against Drug Maltreatment and Illicit Trafficking is famed on 26 June to raise consciousness surrounding drug abuse.

This year's event will be famed under the subject "Do drugs control your life?".

The South African Depression and Anxiety Group (SADAG), in concurrence with the Department of Sociable Development, will be unveiling South Africa's first toll-free Substance Maltreatment Aid Line.

SADAG Undertaking Director Janine Shamos said that many people are marginalised or at hazard owed to their life-circumstances and made more than vulnerable through drug use.

She said that matter maltreatment was a major job in this state and that users were getting little all the time.

"This line offerings support, counsel and assist for people addicted to drugs and alcoholic beverage as well as their families, no matter where they are in South Africa," said Multiple Sclerosis Shamos.

Ms Shamos said there was the demand for young person authorization and for children to take control of their lives and not allow drugs control them.

"According to South African Community Epidemiology Network on Drug Use, in the Northern Cape, 36 percentage of patients admitted to rehabilitation and treatment Centres for substance maltreatment were aged between 10 and 19," said Multiple Sclerosis Shamos.

The Young Person Hazard Survey of 2002 revealed that 49 percentage of teens usage alcoholic beverage while 31 percentage fume and 13 percentage utilize dagga.

Ms Shamos warned that drug and alcoholic beverage maltreatment ate away at people's lives, families, resources and their ability to cope.

"Most of us usage drugs every twenty-four hours - caffeine, nicotine, alcohol. Ours is a drug taking society and more than people are abusing drugs today than in any other clip in history, SADAG have establish a manner to convey back hope," Multiple Sclerosis Shamos said.

Relevant Links

The toll free line is 0800 12 13 14, samariums figure 32312.

The Department of Sociable Development will on Thursday observe The International Day Against Drug Maltreatment at Orange Farm.

Deputy Curate of Sociable Development Jean Swanson-Jacobs arsenic well as Gauteng MEC for Sociable Development Kgaogelo Lekgoro and the representative of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Jonathan George Lucas are to turn to the event.

South Africa: More And More Youngsters Admitted to Rehabilitation ... - AllAfrica.com

Gabi KhumaloNorthen Cape

About 36 percentage of patients admitted to rehabilitation and treatment Centres for matter maltreatment in the Northern Cape are aged between 10 and 19 old age old.

Speaking at the International Day Against Drug Maltreatment and Illicit Trafficking jubilation held on Thursday at Orange Farm, Sociable Development Deputy Minister, Dr Jean Swanson-Jacobs, said immature work force and women under the age of 18 old age continued to frequent shebeens and tap houses as if this is the most normal thing to do.

Young people are used by the drug Godheads and law-breaking mobs as drug traffickers, he said. Mister Swanson-Jacobs said that matter usage during adolescence have also been associated with engagement in law-breaking and gang-related activities. "Substance maltreatment additions the chance of piquant in high hazard sexual behaviours, placing the user at hazard for both unwanted gestations and sexually transmitted diseases including HIV.

"I believe that something have to be done as a substance of national precedence to reconstruct the societal cloth of our state before it is too late to rectify the state of affairs from deteriorating further," a concerned Mister Swanson-Jacobs said. He said that the successful combating of the drug job necessitates the application of three elements namely, supplying decrease through law enforcement, demand decrease through bar schemes among others and injury decrease through treatment and societal support. "These elements are the basis of the National Drug Maestro Plan 2006-2011, which admits the important part of assorted sections and federal agencies in combating drug maltreatment and trafficking," he said. This attack lets for the engagement of all stakeholders from grassroots and community degree to the national level. "Provinces and national sections are guided by the program to explicate mini-Drug Master Plans to implement prevention, early intercession and treatment services."

He encouraged the community to take part in the Provincial Substance Maltreatment Forums and Local Drug Action Committees. The commissions dwell of societal workers, teachers, justness and police force functionaries and community representatives. He noted that while government's political campaign to battle matter maltreatment marks all age groups, they prioritise children and young person as the age of experimentation with drugs have dropped to about 10 years. The International Day Against Drug Maltreatment and Illicit Trafficking is famed annually on 26 June to raise consciousness surrounding drug abuse. This year's event was famed under the subject "Do drugs control your life?"

It is estimated that alcoholic beverage maltreatment is a factor in nearly half of fatal route clangs in South Africa costing about 7 000 lives annually. The National Institute of Crime Prevention and Reintegration of Offenders (NICRO) have got reported that alcoholic beverage lends substantially to the high relative incidence of law-breaking in the country.

Relevant Links

The survey establish that just under one-half of all male captives had consumed alcoholic beverage or drugs at the clip of, or before committing, their most recent crime. A conservative estimation of the economical costs to South Africa of alcoholic beverage maltreatment is between R8.7 billion and R17.4 billion per year, based on research surveys conducted in other countries. About 11 million household members have got to stomach the disturbance of life with job or hazardous drinkers. Hazardous imbibing impacts 17.5 million South Africans. Meanwhile, the South African Depression and Anxiety Group in concurrence with the section have got unveiled South Africa's first toll-free Substance Maltreatment Aid Line for people to entree help, support and appropriate treatment.

The toll free line is 0800 12 13 14 and samariums figure is 32312. This week, the section presented the Prevention of and Treatment Substance Maltreatment Bill to the National Assembly with the position to drive the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Dependence Act No. Twenty of 1992. The chief purpose of the Bill is the combating of matter maltreatment through prevention, early intervention, treatment and re-integration programmes.

The Bill do proviso for the constitution of programs for bar of matter abuse.

Nigeria: NDLEA Arrest 12 Drug Suspects - AllAfrica.com

Anayo OkoliLagos

ABA-ABIA State Command of the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA), said it have arrested 12 drug suspects and seized 300 kilogrammes of narcotics in the state.

Among the drugs seized, according to the NDLEA were heroine, cococine, hemp and psychotropic substances.

The state Commanding Officer of the agency, Mr. Justice Arinze, who disclosed this, also accused Nigerian politicians of being among the social class of people that indulge in the usage of narcotic drugs and substances. Arinze accused such as politicians of not giving good leading to the state at big and people in particular.

Arinze who made this allegation at a fourth estate briefing in Aba as portion of the programs to tag the 2008 United Nations International Day Against Drug Maltreatment and Illicit Drug Trafficking, noted that the federal agency would square up with the politicians, no substance their position in society.

" So many politicians are into drug usage now," Arinze alleged, lamenting that the engagement of the politicians was a bad illustration for the people and even do it more than hard for NDLEA to undertake the job of drug maltreatment among the immature ones.

Relevant Links

The Commander, however, warned that the anti-drug agency would clamp down on the narcotics-loving politicians irrespective of their places in the society.

The NDLEA foreman also regretted that Abia State have joined the conference of drug producing states like Edo, Ondo, Ogun, Ekiti, Osun and Delta. He disclosed that a big farm of North American North American Indian Hemp was discovered at Uturu in Isiukwuato Local Government Area of the state.

"I am delighted to inform you that in line with this year's subject on cultivation of cannabis, and after calendar months of painstaking efforts, a farming area of Indian hemp plantation was discovered in Abia State.